3. The 20th Century Revolution.
In the middle of the 19th century, the current scientific revolution had started with the discovery of the electromagnetic field.
Michael Faraday, who had no scientific education discovered the electromagnetic field and its induction law, which was beyond any scientific conception at that time.
Albert Einstein :
It is fascinating to muse: Would Faraday have discovered the law of electromagnetic induction if he had received a regular college education?
The Newtonian Physics, which is atomistic and mechanistic, could not accomodate the nature of fields, waves and their inductions property (known as "action at distance"). In those days, light waves were considered as travelling through a media called ether (similar to sound waves travelling through the air).
In 1887, an experiment was conducted by Michelson and Morley, trying to measure the speed of light in different directions. The hypothesis was: "if the Earth is moving through the media called ether, the speed of light must measure differently in different directions due to earth's movement."
The result of the experiment was very crucial. The speed of light was always the same in any direction. It created a lot of controversy amongst scientists, but at the end, the conclusion was that "Ether does not exist".
The Michelson Morley experiment gave the death sentence to the etheric hypothesis, and lead to the birth of Modern Physics.
Albert Einstein :
Matter is regarded as being constituted by region of space in which the field is very intense . . . . . . . . . . There is no place in this new kind of Physics both for the field and matter, for the field is the only reality.
At the turn of the century, Modern Physics was born, with the Relativity Theory and Quantum Mechanics as the two major pillars supporting it. The Newtonian Physics was proved to be limited and only valid for macroscopic objects - things we can see, touch and smell.
We started to realise that our mechanistic concept of reality, based on Newtonian Physics, is crumbling, but science couldn't help us in giving us a clear new picture of reality.
In the last few decades many many theories have come up, but instead of getting clearer, our picture is getting more and more "blured". Science, especially Physics and it's language of mathematics, becomes more and more complex beyond layman's comprehension. On the other hand, we are confronted with more and more phenomena, which science could not explain and prefers to ignore.
History tells us that we have not learnt from history, and probably we are now re-experiencing the days of Aristarchus and Ptolemy, before the turn of the millenia more than 2000 years ago.
We rejected Aristarchus and accepted the complicated Ptolemaic system, because we strongly hold our "concept of reality" that our Earth must be the center of the universe. Anything else was simply beyond our imagination.
One and a half centuries ago, Faraday introduced us to the reality of electromagnetic field and waves, which propagates at the speed of light - The reality of light. Einstein has proved that our time-space is relative, while Quantum Physics states that the whole universe is basically indivisible.
Paul Davies :
The Universe is not a collection of objects, but is an inseparable web of vibrating energy patterns in which no one component has reality independently from the entirety. Included in the entirety is the observer. (Bell's theorem on the indivisibility of the Universe.)
Unfortunately, the physical world as we know it, with physical matter in our time-space continuum, is our nowadays "reality" and we are also holding it very strongly.
We have learnt that atom is no longer the smallest indivisible building block of nature. But it seems impossible for us to shed away our "atomistic" view, which has been the basic of our conceptual thought since we started to think thousands of years ago.
Instead of taking on the new concept of reality, we just replaced atoms with sub-atomic particles to keep our atomistic or now "particle-istic" view intact.
|